The data collection involved the administration of the Google Qwestry questionnaire, a validated tool for assessing musculoskeletal symptoms and ergonomic risks. The online questionnaire was self-administered, and participants were given clear instructions on how to complete it. To ensure data quality and accuracy, participants were encouraged to answer all questions and seek clarification if needed.

The collected data was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, were used to summarize demographic characteristics, prevalence rates of lower back pain, and improper sitting posture habits among non-medical employees. To assess the associations between improper sitting posture and lower back pain.

Figure 9

The frequency distribution study of respondents' habitual sitting positions shows distinct patterns that may contribute to lower back pain. The findings reveal non-medical workers' sitting habits and lower back pain risk factors. The most prevalent sitting posture was "leaning forward," reported by 102 participants (26.5%). This posture involves forward tilting, which may strain lower back muscles and cause discomfort over time. Following closely, 102 (26.5%) reported a "slouched" posture, a rounded or curved back. This posture can also cause lower back pain by putting strain on it. Additionally, 84 (21.8%) reported sitting "leaning backward" as their usual posture. While less popular than the other two, this stance nonetheless represents a considerable number of participants. "Upright" posture, which maintains spinal alignment, was noted by 97 responders (25.2%). This suggests that many participants adopt an ergonomic, lower-back-healthy posture. These findings show that many non-medical workers may be sitting in ways that could cause lower back pain. The distribution of sitting postures emphasizes the need for ergonomics interventions and education regarding posture's effects on lower back health. The study highlights the relevance of treating posture-related risk factors to reduce lower back pain in non-medical workers by identifying common sitting positions.

As mentioned in the methodology part of the study, assessing the associations between improper sitting posture and lower back pain, called for performing inferential statistical analyses, using chi-square tests.

Lower Back Pain Experiences and Use of Ergonomic Furniture

A chi-square analysis was run to establish the possibility of an association between lower back pain experiences and the use of ergonomic furniture. That is, to tell if the use of ergonomic furniture at the workplace is a contributory factor or instead a solution to lower back pain experiences among the employees. The chi-square analysis yielded the following output:

The Pearson Chi-Square test statistic was 12.202 with one degree of freedom. The asymptotic significance, which measures the chance of such a relationship, was.000. This low p- value shows a statistically meaningful association between ergonomic furniture and lower back pain. Continuity Correction showed a value of 11.032 with one degree of freedom and a p-value of.001. The Likelihood Ratio statistic was 13.298 with one degree of freedom, producing a p-value of.000. Fisher's Exact Test, designed to measure statistical significance in smaller sample numbers, yielded exactly.000 for both two-sided and one-sided tests. All cell expected counts were above 5, with the least expected count being 17.17, indicating a good condition for chi-square analysis. The chi-square analysis shows a statistically significant link between ergonomic workplace furniture and lower back pain. This finding motivates additional investigation into this link, which may reveal how ergonomic furniture affects lower back pain in employees. The findings show a link between these two parameters among study participants. However, whether ergonomic furniture causes lower back discomfort or alleviates it needs further study. The statistically significant connection has numerous implications: First, ergonomic furniture may help reduce lower back pain. Ergonomic furniture may reduce lower back pain in employees by improving postural support and alignment.

Second, the findings may emphasize the relevance of ergonomic workplace furnishings. This emphasizes that ergonomic furniture can provide a healthier and more comfortable workplace, which may reduce lower back discomfort among employees. Additionally, the results may highlight the importance of training staff on ergonomics and ergonomic furnishings. Borrowing from 2, knowledge of ergonomic concepts and how to optimize such furniture may reduce lower back discomfort in employees. The statistical significance suggests a link, but the chi-square analysis cannot determine its direction. A more thorough study is needed to determine if ergonomic furniture reduces lower back discomfort. This may involve longitudinal studies, qualitative inquiries, or full ergonomic examinations to better understand ergonomic furniture and lower back discomfort. In summation, ergonomic workplace furniture is linked to lower back pain. While the implications may differ, the results emphasize the importance of ergonomic practices and may provide insights for improving employee well-being and reducing lower back discomfort.

A chi-square analysis was run to establish the possibility of an association between lower back pain experiences and taking breaks at the workplace. That is, to tell if taking breaks at the workplace is a contributory factor or instead a solution to lower back pain experiences among the employees. The chi-square analysis yielded the following output:

The chi-square analysis shows no statistically significant link between workplace breaks and lower back pain. This suggests that taking breaks does not affect lower back discomfort in study participants. The p-value is.959, significantly above the statistical significance level of.05.

This finding has multiple meanings, with the first one being the lack of association. The lack of statistical significance shows that working breaks may not directly affect lower back discomfortin employees. This suggests that employee break frequency and duration may not affect lower back pain prevalence. While the investigation found no significant correlation, lower back pain is influenced by many factors. Other factors including posture, ergonomic furnishings, physical activity, and predispositions may affect lower back discomfort more than breaks.

The other meaning is the need for further research. This analysis's lack of statistical significance does not prove a link between breaks and lower back pain. Future research could examine new variables, factor interactions, or research methods to acquire a better understanding.

The above findings in the study come with significant implications, especially on matters of workplace lower back pain knowledge, as well as treatment. For instance, the study has demonstrated that breaks alone are not a reliever of lower back discomfort. Besides, breaks may not directly reduce or do away with lower back discomfort, and instead, they are encouraged to prevent strain, while at the same time offering relief. Prevention as well as management of loweback discomfort calls for a holistic strategy, through the adoption of consider ergonomic furniture and appropriate sitting posture 3. The list extends to frequent physical activity. The lack of a meaningful relationship emphasizes the need for a complete lower back pain treatment plan. This strategy should include ergonomics, employee education, and health promotion. As argued 5 by Karwowski and Marras , breaks improve well-being but may not solve lower back discomfort. The findings highlight the need for more research into the complex interaction between breaks, other factors, and lower back pain. Longitudinal or qualitative research could better explain how breaks, together with other factors, affect occupational lower back pain and management. In conclusion, taking breaks is crucial for overall health, but it may not be enough to prevent or relieve lower back discomfort in employees, requiring a more holistic approach to well-being.

This study has far-reaching effects beyond lower back discomfort. The findings stress the importance of ergonomic awareness and practices for non-medical workers. Educational programmes should teach correct posture, ergonomic furniture use, and the importance of regular movement breaks. Such therapies relieve pain and promote musculoskeletal health and well-being. Second, company culture promotes employee wellness, according to the study. Ergonomic furniture, regular breaks, and a health-conscious culture show a dedication to employees' physical and mental wellbeing. Establishing such practices into corporate culture can boost productivity and retention by fostering loyalty, engagement, and job happiness. According to the study, interventions must be tailored to individual roles and responsibilities. Job functions require different ergonomics. Customized advice for each employee can boost intervention efficacy, making workers more spinal health aware. Healthcare systems and governments are affected by this study. Lower back pain in non-medical workers underlines the economic and social strain on healthcare and the economy. Preventive interventions can lower healthcare costs and boost industry productivity for governments and healthcare providers.

Based on the study's findings, ergonomic education, ergonomic furnishings, and workplace movement breaks are recommended. These preventive steps can reduce lower back discomfort and improve employee well-being. Future research has numerous avenues. Chronic lower back pain may be affected by poor sitting position over time, hence longitudinal studies may be useful. We could learn more about this issue by studying how technology affects sitting posture and cross-cultural ergonomic practices. Compare ergonomic interventions and their productivity effects to make evidence-based workplace design decisions. Future research should also examine psychosocial aspects and ergonomic treatments' financial effects on sitting posture and lower back pain.